Agricultural Spraying Operations
- Types of Agro-Chemicals
Agricultural drones spray different types of chemicals based on crop requirements:
- Pesticides: Used to control insects and pests.
- Fungicides: Protect crops from fungal diseases.
- Herbicides: Used to kill unwanted weeds.
- Liquid Fertilizers / Nutrients: Provide essential nutrients for plant growth.
- Bio-solutions / Organic sprays: Eco-friendly alternatives for safer farming.
Each chemical has specific dosage and mixing guidelines that must be followed strictly.
- Spray Mixture Preparation & Tank Filling
Correct mixture preparation ensures effective and safe spraying:
- Read the chemical label for recommended dosage.
- Use clean water to avoid nozzle blockage.
- Mix chemicals in a separate container before pouring into the drone tank.
- Use a filter/mesh to avoid dirt entering the tank.
- Fill the tank only to the recommended maximum capacity.
- Secure the tank lid properly to prevent leakage during flight.
Proper mixing ensures uniform coverage and prevents damage to crops and equipment.
- Nozzle Types & Calibration
Nozzles determine spray droplet size and coverage pattern:
- Flat fan nozzles: Ideal for uniform crop spraying.
- Hollow cone nozzles: Best for penetrating dense crops.
- Air-induction nozzles: Reduce drift in windy conditions.
Calibration includes:
- Adjusting flow rate (liters per minute).
- Setting correct droplet size (fine, medium, coarse).
- Ensuring even spray distribution.
Good calibration improves effectiveness and reduces chemical waste.
- Field Coverage Patterns
To ensure the whole field is sprayed evenly:
- Use automated waypoint missions for accurate paths.
- Maintain proper flight altitude according to crop height.
- Follow parallel flight lines with correct overlap.
- Avoid spraying the same area twice.
- Maintain constant spraying speed and tank pressure.
Proper coverage ensures uniform treatment and saves chemicals.
- Drift Management
Drift is when spray droplets move away from the target area due to wind.
To reduce drift:
- Spray only at wind speeds below 10–12 km/h.
- Use drift-reducing nozzles.
- Maintain recommended altitude (2–3 meters above crop).
- Avoid spraying during very hot or dry conditions.
- Keep the drone speed stable.
Good drift management prevents chemical loss and protects nearby crops and people.
- Safety in Pesticide Handling
Safety is the highest priority in spraying operations:
- Always wear PPE (gloves, mask, goggles, apron).
- Avoid direct contact with chemicals.
- Mix chemicals in well-ventilated areas.
- Do not eat or drink while handling chemicals.
- Wash hands and equipment after spraying.
- Store chemicals safely, away from children and animals.
Following proper safety measures protects the operator, environment, and crops.
